APIs
TIMOLOL MALEATE
Timolol Maleate is a white to almost white crystalline powder belonging to the class of non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist (β1 and β2). It was first patented and approved in 1978 indicated for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
C2 PHARMA is one of the leading manufacturer and suppliers of Timolol Maleate.
USES
Topical Timolol Maleate is typically prescribed to reduce intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
It is also used in combination with other agents, such as prostaglandins, to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension when monotherapy is insufficient.
Systemic Timolol Maleate, it also indicated for the treatment of hypertension, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias and migraine prophylaxis.
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Timolol is a non-selective β-adrenergic blocker (β-1 and β-2) without significant intrinsic sympathomimetic, myocardial depressant, or local anaesthetic activity.
As an ophthalmic solution, it effectively lowers intraocular pressure (IOP) by reducing aqueous humour production in the ciliary epithelium. This is essential in the management of glaucoma and ocular hypertension, where persistently elevated IOP can cause progressive optic nerve damage and irreversible vision loss.
Unlike miotic agents, Timolol does not affect pupil size or visual acuity, and therefore does not cause blurred vision, dim vision, or night blindness (hemeralopia).
REFERENCES
Patent: https://patents.google.com/patent/US4195085A/en?oq=U.S.+Patent+No.+4%2c195%2c085
Drugs.com: Timolol Maleate ophthalmic Profession monograph
PubChem compound summary : Timolol Maleate (CID5484)
DailyMed (U.S. National library of Medicine): Timolol Maleate ophthalmic solution prescribing information
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2006/018086s070s072lbl.pdf